Natural Language Processing (NLP) has been revolutionized by the use of Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) such as BERT. Despite setting new records in nearly every NLP task, PLMs still face a number of challenges including poor interpretability, weak reasoning capability, and the need for a lot of expensive annotated data when applied to downstream tasks. By integrating external knowledge into PLMs, \textit{\underline{K}nowledge-\underline{E}nhanced \underline{P}re-trained \underline{L}anguage \underline{M}odels} (KEPLMs) have the potential to overcome the above-mentioned limitations. In this paper, we examine KEPLMs systematically through a series of studies. Specifically, we outline the common types and different formats of knowledge to be integrated into KEPLMs, detail the existing methods for building and evaluating KEPLMS, present the applications of KEPLMs in downstream tasks, and discuss the future research directions. Researchers will benefit from this survey by gaining a quick and comprehensive overview of the latest developments in this field.

We investigate response generation for multi-turn dialogue in generative-based chatbots. Existing generative models based on RNNs (Recurrent Neural Networks) usually employ the last hidden state to summarize the sequences, which makes models unable to capture the subtle variability observed in different dialogues and cannot distinguish the differences between dialogues that are similar in composition. In this paper, we propose a Pseudo-Variational Gated Recurrent Unit (PVGRU) component without posterior knowledge through introducing a recurrent summarizing variable into the GRU, which can aggregate the accumulated distribution variations of subsequences. PVGRU can perceive the subtle semantic variability through summarizing variables that are optimized by the devised distribution consistency and reconstruction objectives. In addition, we build a Pseudo-Variational Hierarchical Dialogue (PVHD) model based on PVGRU. Experimental results demonstrate that PVGRU can broadly improve the diversity and relevance of responses on two benchmark datasets.

The number of international benchmarking competitions is steadily increasing in various fields of machine learning (ML) research and practice. So far, however, little is known about the common practice as well as bottlenecks faced by the community in tackling the research questions posed. To shed light on the status quo of algorithm development in the specific field of biomedical imaging analysis, we designed an international survey that was issued to all participants of challenges conducted in conjunction with the IEEE ISBI 2021 and MICCAI 2021 conferences (80 competitions in total). The survey covered participants' expertise and working environments, their chosen strategies, as well as algorithm characteristics. A median of 72% challenge participants took part in the survey. According to our results, knowledge exchange was the primary incentive (70%) for participation, while the reception of prize money played only a minor role (16%). While a median of 80 working hours was spent on method development, a large portion of participants stated that they did not have enough time for method development (32%). 25% perceived the infrastructure to be a bottleneck. Overall, 94% of all solutions were deep learning-based. Of these, 84% were based on standard architectures. 43% of the respondents reported that the data samples (e.g., images) were too large to be processed at once. This was most commonly addressed by patch-based training (69%), downsampling (37%), and solving 3D analysis tasks as a series of 2D tasks. K-fold cross-validation on the training set was performed by only 37% of the participants and only 50% of the participants performed ensembling based on multiple identical models (61%) or heterogeneous models (39%). 48% of the respondents applied postprocessing steps.

This work addresses the problem of generating 3D holistic body motions from human speech. Given a speech recording, we synthesize sequences of 3D body poses, hand gestures, and facial expressions that are realistic and diverse. To achieve this, we first build a high-quality dataset of 3D holistic body meshes with synchronous speech. We then define a novel speech-to-motion generation framework in which the face, body, and hands are modeled separately. The separated modeling stems from the fact that face articulation strongly correlates with human speech, while body poses and hand gestures are less correlated. Specifically, we employ an autoencoder for face motions, and a compositional vector-quantized variational autoencoder (VQ-VAE) for the body and hand motions. The compositional VQ-VAE is key to generating diverse results. Additionally, we propose a cross-conditional autoregressive model that generates body poses and hand gestures, leading to coherent and realistic motions. Extensive experiments and user studies demonstrate that our proposed approach achieves state-of-the-art performance both qualitatively and quantitatively. Our novel dataset and code will be released for research purposes at https://talkshow.is.tue.mpg.de.

The security of artificial intelligence (AI) is an important research area towards safe, reliable, and trustworthy AI systems. To accelerate the research on AI security, the Artificial Intelligence Security Competition (AISC) was organized by the Zhongguancun Laboratory, China Industrial Control Systems Cyber Emergency Response Team, Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Tsinghua University, and RealAI as part of the Zhongguancun International Frontier Technology Innovation Competition (https://www.zgc-aisc.com/en). The competition consists of three tracks, including Deepfake Security Competition, Autonomous Driving Security Competition, and Face Recognition Security Competition. This report will introduce the competition rules of these three tracks and the solutions of top-ranking teams in each track.

Diffusion models, which learn to reverse a signal destruction process to generate new data, typically require the signal at each step to have the same dimension. We argue that, considering the spatial redundancy in image signals, there is no need to maintain a high dimensionality in the evolution process, especially in the early generation phase. To this end, we make a theoretical generalization of the forward diffusion process via signal decomposition. Concretely, we manage to decompose an image into multiple orthogonal components and control the attenuation of each component when perturbing the image. That way, along with the noise strength increasing, we are able to diminish those inconsequential components and thus use a lower-dimensional signal to represent the source, barely losing information. Such a reformulation allows to vary dimensions in both training and inference of diffusion models. Extensive experiments on a range of datasets suggest that our approach substantially reduces the computational cost and achieves on-par or even better synthesis performance compared to baseline methods. We also show that our strategy facilitates high-resolution image synthesis and improves FID of diffusion model trained on FFHQ at $1024\times1024$ resolution from 52.40 to 10.46. Code and models will be made publicly available.

最近，视觉变压器及其变体在人类和多视图人类姿势估计中均起着越来越重要的作用。将图像补丁视为令牌，变形金刚可以对整个图像中的全局依赖项进行建模或其他视图中的图像。但是，全球关注在计算上是昂贵的。结果，很难将这些基于变压器的方法扩展到高分辨率特征和许多视图。在本文中，我们提出了代币螺旋的姿势变压器（PPT）进行2D人姿势估计，该姿势估计可以找到粗糙的人掩模，并且只能在选定的令牌内进行自我注意。此外，我们将PPT扩展到多视图人类姿势估计。我们建立在PPT的基础上，提出了一种新的跨视图融合策略，称为人类区域融合，该策略将所有人类前景像素视为相应的候选者。可可和MPII的实验结果表明，我们的PPT可以在减少计算的同时匹配以前的姿势变压器方法的准确性。此外，对人类360万和滑雪姿势的实验表明，我们的多视图PPT可以有效地从多个视图中融合线索并获得新的最新结果。

在零拍摄的情况下建立对话的生成系统仍然是一个巨大的挑战，因为对话生成中典型的零击方法很大程度上取决于大规模的预训练的语言生成模型，例如GPT-3和T5。由于缺乏相应的平行对话COLIDA，对无繁琐语言模型的零摄像对话生成的研究受到限制。在本文中，我们提出了一个简单但有效的多语言学习框架，用于零拍对对话（称为mulzdg），该框架可以有效地将知识从带有大规模培训样本的英语语料库转移到具有零样本的非英语语料库。此外，MulzDG可以被视为一种多语言数据增强方法，以提高资源丰富的语言的性能。首先，我们通过从单语英文数据集随机选择的翻译说法来构建多语言代码转换对话数据集。然后，我们使用MulzDG来培训基于代码转换数据集的统一的多语言对话模型。 mulzdg可以在不同语言之间进行隐性的语义一致性。关于DailyDialog和DSTC7数据集的实验表明，与有足够示例的培训相比，MulzDG不仅在零击中的情况下实现竞争性能，而且还可以大大提高源语言的性能。

这项工作考虑了在属性关系图（ARG）上表示表示的任务。 ARG中的节点和边缘都与属性/功能相关联，允许ARG编码在实际应用中广泛观察到的丰富结构信息。现有的图形神经网络提供了有限的能力，可以在局部结构环境中捕获复杂的相互作用，从而阻碍他们利用ARG的表达能力。我们提出了Motif卷积模块（MCM），这是一种新的基于基线的图表表示技术，以更好地利用本地结构信息。处理连续边缘和节点功能的能力是MCM比现有基于基础图案的模型的优势之一。 MCM以无监督的方式构建了一个主题词汇，并部署了一种新型的主题卷积操作，以提取单个节点的局部结构上下文，然后将其用于通过多层perceptron学习高级节点表示，并在图神经网络中传递消息。与其他图形学习方法进行分类的合成图相比，我们的方法在捕获结构环境方面要好得多。我们还通过将其应用于几个分子基准来证明我们方法的性能和解释性优势。

图形神经网络（GNN）在各种高桩预测任务中实现了最先进的性能，但是具有不规则结构的图表上的多层聚合使得GNN成为一种更不可解释的模型。先前的方法使用更简单的子图来模拟完整模型，或识别预测原因的完整模型或反事实。这两个方法旨在瞄准两个不同的目标，“模拟性”和“反事实相关”，但目前尚不清楚目标如何共同影响人类理解解释。我们设计用户学习，以调查这些关节效果，并使用该研究结果设计多目标优化（MOO）算法，以查找帕累托最佳解释，可在模拟性和反事实方面得到良好平衡。由于目标模型可以是任何GNN变体，并且由于隐私问题可能无法访问，因此我们使用零顺序信息设计一个搜索算法而不访问目标模型的架构和参数。来自四个应用的九个图表的定量实验表明，帕累托有效的解释主导使用一阶连续优化或离散组合搜索的单目标基线。在鲁棒性和敏感性中进一步评估了解释，以表明他们揭示令人信服的令人信服的能力，同时对可能的混乱持谨慎态度。各种主导的反事件可以证明算法追索权的可行性，这可能促进人类参与使用GNN决策的算法公平性。